程序代码：

#include<stdio.h>
void dfs(bool foot[],int mem[],int depth,int n)
{
    int i;
    if(n == depth)
    {       
        for(i = 0;i<n-1;i++)
            printf("%d ",mem[i]);
        printf("%d\n",mem[i]);
        return ;
    }
    for(i = 0;i<n;i++)
    {
        if(!foot[i])
        {
            foot[i] = true;
            mem[depth] = i+1;
            dfs(foot,mem,depth+1,n);
            foot[i] = false;
        }
    }
}
int main()
{
    int i,j,n;
    scanf("%d",&n);
    while(n--)
    {
        bool foot[8] = {0};
        int mem[8] = {0};
        int s;
        scanf("%d",&s);
        dfs(foot,mem,0,s);
    }
    return 0;
}